# LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.? 

# # 

# 



J|lutp.T..5,0.... |opi2tisl,t|jo. 



J/Ac^/ . S 5.5 



J UNITED STATES OF AMERICA \ 



THE 



READY RECKONER, 



CALCULATOR, 



AND 



^nhamii'a 



lompnton. 



FOR 



LUMBER DEALERS, CARPENTERS, 

MECHAlSriCS, MASONS, FARMERS, 

MERCHANTS, LABORERS, &C. 



Incliidini^: Form for 

y,.y(^1^ WINFIELD SHOOP. 

f b •-•-• 



CHAMBERSBURG, PA. : 

PRINTED AT THE OFFICE OF THE ''V ALLEY SPIRIT," 
1875. 



^i/%St^^ 



THB READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 



So 



Entered according to act of Congress, in the 
year 1875, by Winfield Shoop, in the office of the 
Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



Any infringement of the Copyright of this 
book will be prosecuted to the full extent of 
the law. 



All orders for this book must be addressed to 
WINFIELD SHOOP, 

Williamsport, 
Washington County, Md. 



I 



AND MECHANIC'S COMlP ANION. 



ftecommendatio7ig . 

We have carefully examined the Ready Reck- 
oner, Calculator and Mechanic's Companion, by 
Winfield Shoop, and we take pleasure in recom- 
mending it to the public and all those that are 
interested in such books, as being a correct and 
useful work. 



P. A. WITMER, Examiner of Schools for Wash- 
ington County, Md. 

D. O. WITMER, Principal Williamsport Gram- 
mar School. 

THOMAS E. WILLIARD, Register of Wills for 
Washington County, Md. 

GRUBER & WITxMER, Proprietors Steam Saw 
and Planing Mill, Williamsport, Md. 

STEFFEY & IRWIN, Lumber Merchants, Wil- 
liamsport, Md. 

J. L. MOTTER, Teller Washington County 
National Bank, Williamsport, Md. 

GEO. P. LEITER, Clerk Washington County 
Commission ers. 



THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 



Contents 



PAGES. 

Board Measure 5 to 7 

Square and Round Log Measure 8 

Mean Diameter 9 

How to square Round Logs 9 

Cubic feet in Round and Square Logs. . . 10 to 11 

To tell the height of a tree 12 

Wood and Bark Measure 13 to 14 

Bushels Crib Contains 15 

No. Brick Pavement contains 16 

Stone Masonry 17 

Brick Masonry IS 

Painters and Plasterers Measurement. .. 19 to 20 

No. bushels Lime Kiln contains 21 

No. galls. Cistern or Well contains 22 to 23 

Square yards Foundation or Cellar 24 

Rules for Carpenters 25 to 29 

Sizes of nails and No. to pound 30 

Rules for Farmers 31 to 35 

^Calculations of Interest 36 to 39 

Partnership, Percentages &c 40 to 45 

Fractions 46 to 47 

Form Mechanics Lien 48 to 49 

Sqre Logs reduc'd. to inch board mcas.. 50 to 54 
;Sound logs reduc'd- to inch b'rd. meas. . 55 to 60 



AND MECHANIC'S COMPANION. 



Scaiittinff M'ea^ure, 
Rule. 
Multiply the depth by the breadth and the 
product by the length, and divide by 12. 
Example, 
A piece of timber 4x5 inches, and 18 feet long, 
how many feet does it contain ? 



5 inches. 
4 *' 



20 



18 feet long. 
20 



12)360 
Ans. 30 feet in piece. 

SeantUnffy ft afters t&c. 
Rule. 
Multiply both ends, add together, take half 
the product, multiply by the length and divide 
by 12. 

Example. 
A piece of timber 4x5 inches at one end and 
3 X 6 at the other end and 12 feet long. 

6 inches. 



4 inches. 

5 *' 



20 



18 
20 

Take half 38 



19 inches average. 
12 feet long. 

12)228 

Ans. 19 feet in piece. 



THE READY RBCKONERf CALCTTLATOB, 



Soard and l^tank 3feasuve, 
Rule. 
Multiply the width of board or plank by the 
length of same and divide by 12. If the board 
is more than an inch thick add accordingly. 
Example No. 1. 
A board 12 inches wide, 16 feet long, and 1 inch 
thick. 



12 inches wide. 
16 feet long. 



72 
12 



12)192 
Ans. 16 feet in board. 



192 



Example No. 2 
A board 18 inches wide, 16 feet long and 1^ 
inches thick. 



18 inches wide. 
16 teet long. 

108 
18 



288 



12)288 

24 

Add 14 6 

Ans. 30 teet. 



Example No. 3. • 

A plank 12 inches wide, 16 feet long and 1% 



inches thick. 



16 feet long. 
12 inches. 



192 



Add ^ 

Ans. 



12)192 

16 
12 



28 feet. 



AKD MECHANIC'S COMPANION. 



Measuring 'Boards and IPlank with a Tape, 

RULE» 

In measuring lumber with a tape line, if the 
boards are 16 feet long and 1 inch thick and you 
'have 46 feet 9 inches line then multiply the 
length of the line by the length of the boards, 
or in other words, always multiply the length 
of the line by the length of the boards you are 
measuring, and if the boards are more than an 
inch in thickness add according as in preceeding 
page. 

Example No. 1. 

46 feet 9 inches line 16 feet long. 

16 feet long. 9 inches 

276 12)144 

46 — 

12 feet in 9 inches. 12 feet 

748 Ans. 748 feet boards. 



Example No. 2. 
Forty feet of line. Boards 18 feet long and 1^ 



inches thicfs. 

18 feet 1 
40 feet 

720 Ans. 90Ofeet 



18 feet long. 720 

40 feet line. Add J^ 180 



8. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 




Square Tttnber^ 








Rule. 






Multiply tlie breadth bj- the breadth and 
product by the length and divide by 12 


the 




Example. 




• 


A piece 


of timber 12 x 12 inches and 16 


feet 


long. 








12 
12 




141 
16 




144 




864 
144 

12)2304 






An 9. 


192 feet 





ISound Timber. 

Rule. 
Sctuare the mean diameter and multiply the 
product by 7854; Cut off four right hand figures; 
Multiply by the length an(^ divide by 12. 
Example. 

A log 14 inches mean diameter and 20 feet 
long. 

7854 
196 

47124 
70686 
7854 

153|93S4 
20 feet long. 

12)3060 

252 feet in log. 



14 inches. 
14 



56 
14 



196 



Ans. 



AND mechanic's COMPANION. 



I'o Fi?Ki the ^fean "Diatnelfr of Z<oi/g. 

I Rule. 

j To ascertaia tlie mean diameter of logsvmeas- 
1 ure both ends inside the bark ; add together ; 
} take half the product to get the average or mean 
j diameter. of log. 

EXAMPLB. 

A log 44 inches in diameter at one end and 36 
inches in diameter at the other end. What is 
the mean diameter. 

44 inches at one end. 
36 *• at other end. 

Half)80 

Ans. 40 inches in mean diameter. 



To Sqtiare !Rounct Timber. 
Rule. 
Multiply the diameter by 70 and cut off two 
right hand figures. 

Example. 
A log 20 inches diameter. What will it square. 

20 inches. 
70 



Ans. 



14100 



Square 14 inches. 



10. 



THR BKADY RBOKONKR, CALCULATOR, 



Oubic Feef in "Round Ifmbet. 

UULB. 

Siiiiaro t]u< mean dianu'tfr; Multiply the pro- 
duct by7S54; Cut otl four rijj^lit haud figures; 
Multiply by the length and divide by 144. 

EXAMPLB. 

A log 18 InchCH mean diameter and 84 feet long. 



18 
18 

144 
16 

894 



7854 

3I41(i 
lft70S 
2366i 

;>» fi'Ot long. 

lOlG 
762 

Ans. 

144)8(>:«5(ft9 Cu]>lc feet and 
720 140 Inches. 

1436 
1298 

140 inches. 



AND MKOHAKIO'S COMPANION. U. 



Cubin J'\'et in *Squnro Timber, 

ttlTLK. 

Multiply tbe breadth by tbo depth in inches, 
and tho product by tho lenj^th, and dlvtdft by 
144. 

KXAMrLK. 

A pioco of timber 15 x l« inches flqnar« and 40 
foot long. How many Cubic foot. 

15 InchcB broad. 

16 " deep. 240 

— 40 foot long. 

90 

15 I44)1K300((;« Cubic ft. 

— 8(14 & IK) in. 

240 

060 

H(;4 

06 inch(5s. 
Au8. 80 Cubic feet and i)6 inches. 



12. 



THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 



To Tell the Ileigfii of n Tree H>kile Standi nf/. 
Rule. 

Multiply the length of the shadow of a tree 
by the height of a stick and divide by the shad- 
ow of the stick. 

Example. 

Suppose the shade w of a tree 90 feet ; Stick 4 
feet long, and the shadow of stick 6 feet long. 
What is the height of tree. 



Shadow 
of stick — 
6 f«et)360 



90 feet shadow of tree. 
4 '* height of stick. 



Ans. 



60 feet tree's height. 



AND mechanic's COMPANION. 



13. 



Wood and jBai k M'ea^ure, 

Rule. 
Multiply the length, breadth and depth to- 
gether and divide the product by 128. 
Example. 
A pile of wood or bark 150 feet long, 8 feet high 
and 4 feci wide. How many cords. 

150 feet long. 
8 " high. 

1200 

4 feet wide. 

128)4800(37^ cords. 
384 

960 

896 



Ans. 371^ Cords. 



64 

128 



u. 



THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 



Sark and Wood Jfeast^re — Trrefftiiar Size, 
Rule. 

Add the breadth and height together. Take 
half the sum to get the avei*age width, then 
multiply the average width by height and length 
and divide by 128 as in preceeding rule. 
Example. 

A pile of wood or bark 8 feet wide at top, 4 
feet wide at bottom, 6 feet high and 9 feet long. 
How many cords. 

8 feet top. 

4 " bottom. 

half 12 

6 feet average. 
6 " high. 






9 feet long. 

128)324(21^ cords Ans. 
256 



«8 



128 



-=^ 



AND mechanic's COMPANION. 15. 

jBushets Corn Crib Ctniains, 

Rule. 
Multiply the length by tht* breadth and. the 
product by the depth, then multiply that pro- 
duct by 4 and divide by 5. 

" Example. 

A crib 30 feet long, 6 feet broad and 10 feet high. 
How many bushels shelled corn does it contain. 

30 feet long. 1800 

6 " broad. 4 

180 6)7200 

10 feet high. 

1440 bus.Ans. 

1800 

To get the number flour barrels, divide the 
number bushels by three, and the number of 
regular corn barrels divide by 5. 



16. 



THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 



A^Ufftber of ^rick jPavemeui Coniains. 

Rule. 
Multiply the lengtli by the breadth and that 
product by 4>^. 

Example. 
A pavement 40 feet long and 9 feet wide. 

3G0 
4^ 



40 feet long. 
9 " wide 



360 square feet. 



Ans. 



1440 
180 



1620 Brick, 



9)360 square feet. 

40 " yards. 
403^ brick to square yard. 

1600 
20 



1620 brick. 



AND MECHANIC'S COMPANION. 17. 

Stone J^asonry, 
Rule. 
Multiply the length by the height and that 
product hy the width and divide by 24^. 

Example. 
A wall 42. feet 3 inches long, 8 feet high and 2 
feet thick. How many perches ? 



42 ft. 3 in. 
8 ft. higr 


long. 
I. 






3 inches. 
8 feet 


336 
2 feet in 

338 


3 inches. 


12)24 

2 feet. 
338 
2 feet thick. 




24^ 


676 
4 








99 


)2704(27^ 








"724 
693 










31 

99~ 


-Vs 





Ans. 273/^ Perches. 



18. 



THE RKADY RECKONER, CiLLCULATOR, 



^rt'ck Magonry, 
Rule. 
Bring the whole into feet, as in preceding 
rule and if the wall is 9 inches thick (in order to 
get the number of brick house contains) multi- 
ply the aggregate number of feet the house con- 
tains by 12 ; if the wall is 14 inches thick, multi- 
ply the same by 18, and if 18 inches thick, multi- 
ply by 24, and for every 4 inches of wall add 6 to 
the multiplier. 

Example. 

A building 25 feet long, 20 feet broad and 15 feet 

high, and gable end 12 feet from centre of wall 

to comb of roof, the wall of same 14 inches 

thick ; how many brick does the house contain ? 



25 feet long. 
15 " high. 

125 
25 

375 feet one side. 
2 

750 feet two sides. 

15 feet high. 
20 " broad. 

300 " one side. 
2 

600 feet two sides. 
750 




20 feet broad 
12 



240 ft. both ends. 
1350 " four sides. 



1590 ft. house cbn- 
18 tains. 



12720 
1590 



28620 Ans. 



1350 feet in four sides. 
Ans. 28620 brick in house. 



AND mechanic's COMPANION. 



19. 



!Paper Hanffer^* Measurement, 

Rule. 
Bring the whole into feet and divide by 36, as 
there are that many square feet in a piece of 
wall paper 24 feet long and 18 inches wide. 

Example. 

A room 16 feet long, 12 feet wide and 9 feet 
high. How many pieces of wall paper does it 
take to cover the same ? 



16 feet long. 
9 " high. 



144 
2 



one side. 



12 feet wide. 
9 



108 feet one side. 

2 



288 feet two sides. 

Ceiling 
16 feet long. 
12 " wide. 

192 feet. 



216 feet two sides. 

288 " " " 



504 
192 

36)696(191^ 



four " 
Ceiling. 



Ans. 191^ pieces 



336 
324 



12 
36 



-^ 



20. 



THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 



Painters' and 2^laslerers^ J^feasurefnent, 

Rule. 
Bring tlie whole into feet and divide by 9. 

Example. 
A room 16 feet long, 12 feet wide and 9 feet 



high ; how many square yards ? 



16 feet long. 
9 " high. 

144 
2 



12 feet wide. 
9 " high. 

108 
2 



288 feet two sides. 

Ceiling. 

12 feet wide. 
16 " long. 

72 
12 

192 feet ceiling. 
288 \ ^^^^ sides 
9)696 square feet. 

77 3-9=1^ 
Ans. n% square yards. 



216 ft two sides. 



AND MECHANIC'S COMPANION. 



21. 



JVunibev jBushets LiTne Kitn Conialns, 

Rule. 

Multiply the length of base by breadth of 
same, and the length of top by the breadth of 
same ; add both together and divide by two, to 
get the average number square feet the stack 
contains, then multiply that quotient by the 
height and divide by Vyi to get the number 
bushels lime in kiln, as in IJ^ square feet is con- 
tained one bushel. 'Eight tons coal burns 1000 
bushels stone lime and from 20 to 23 cords wood. 

Example. 
A stack lime 30 feet long at base, and 18 feet 
broad at same, and 12 feet long at top and 6 feet 
broad at same and the whole 10 feet high, how 
many bushels. 



6' ^\^ 


12 feet long top. 


^/"^"^^ r^ 


\^ 


10 feet high. 


li 


<^ ^^--^ 


30 feet long base. 





18 feet broad base. 
30 '* long " 

540 



12 feet long top. 
6 " broad "- 

72 
540 



1)4) 

4-5)3060 
4 

12240 

Ans. 2448 bus. 



half 612 



306-average sq. ft. 
10 feet high. 

3060 square feet in 
stack. 



22. 



THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 



JVumber Gallons a Citlevn or Well Contains, 

Rule. 

Square the diameter and multiply that pix>" 
dnct by 7.851 and that product by the depth ; cut 
off four right hand figures and multiply the re* 
mainder by 1728 and divide by 231. 

Example No. 1. 
A cistern 8 feet in diameter and 16 feet deep \ 
how many gallons does it contain 7 



Ans, 



7.85-t 
64 


8 feet diameter. 

8 


31416 
47124 


64 


502656 

16 feet deep. 


3015936 
502656 




ft04(2496 


1728 

804 




6912 
13824 




231)1389312(6014 gallons. 
1386 




331 
231 




1002 
924 


6014 gallons. 


78 



AND mechanic's COMPANION. 



23. 



Example No. 2 

Rule. 

If a cistern is square or otherwise multiply 
the length, breadth and depth together and the 
product hy 1728 and divide by 231, 

Example. 
A cistern 8 teet long, 6 feet broad and 16 feet 
deep ; how many gallons does it contain ? 

1728 



8 feet long, 
6 "• broad. 

48 

16 feet deep, 

288 
48 

768 



13824 
10368 
12096 

281)1327104(5745 galls, 
1J55 

1721 
1617 



1040 
924 



1164 
1155 



Ans, 5745 g«tllons. 



24. 



THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 



Foundation or Ceitar, 

Rule. 
Bring the whole into feet and divide by 9. 

Example. 

A foundation or cellar 20 feet long, 12 feet 
broad and 12 feet deep ; how many square yards 
does it contain ? 

20 feet long. 
12 *' broad. 

240 
12 feet deep. 

480 
240 

9)2880 

Ans. 320 square j^ardf?. 



AND mechanic's COMPANION. 



25. 



Carpenlers' Hutes* 

To ascertain the number of feet of weather- 
boarding a building contains. 

Ettle. 
Multiply the length by the height and the 
breadth by the same, and to get the number of 
feet gable end contains, take half the height and 
multiply by the breadth. 

Example. 
A house 30 feet long, 18 feet high and 24 feet 
broad and 18 feet high ; gable end 8 feet high and 
24 feet broad. 



18 feet high. 
30 " long. 

540 one side. 



1080 two sides. 

24 feet gable end. 
4 » half. 

96 one gable end. 
2 

192 feet gable ends. 

Ans. 2136 feet. 



24 feet broad. 
18 " high. 

192 
•24 

432 one end. 

. 2 

864 two ends. 
1080 

1944 feet four sides. 
192 " gable ends. 

2136 feet. 



26. 



THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 



Carpenters' ftule* — Conitnu€d, 
How to ascertain what pitch to give a roof, Ac. 

Rule. 
To get the pitch of a roof or to get the length 
of tlie rafters, take two-thirds of the breadth of 
the building, and to get the height of the gable 
end take one^third of the breadth of the build- 
ing. 

Example. 
If a building is 24 feet long two-thirds of 24 
Would be 16, then the rafters would be 16 feet 
long and one-third of 24 would be 8, then tbe 
gable ends would be 8 feet high. 



AND Mechanic's coMpANidN. 2L 



• Cnrpenters' ft utes-^ Continued. 

To get the number of shingles a building con- 
tains. 

Rule. 
Multiply the length of the building by the 
length of the rafters, to get the number square 
feet, then multiply that product by the numbel^ 
shingles it takes to cover a square foot. Joint 
shingles 6 inches wide it will talce 4, and same 4 
inches wide it will take 6, and oak lap shingles %. 
In covering with boards get the number square 
feet and adc" one-third more for lap. » 

Example. 
If the rafters in a building are 16 feet long and 
building 24 feet long and shingles 6 inches Wide^ 
how many shingles to cover both sides of house* 

16 feet long rafters. 
24 " " building. 

64 
32 

384 
4 shingles to square foot. 

1536 one side. 
2 

3072 shingles Ans. 



28. 



THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 



Carpenters'* ^u2es — Continued, 

To ascertain the length of i-afters for a build- 



^ 



Rule. 
For one-third pitch multiply width of build- 
ing by 60, and one-fourth pitch multiply same bj^ 
56, and one-fifth pitch multiply same by 54, and 
one-sixth pitch multiply same by 53 and 
in all point off two figures from the right and 
add to the lengths for projection. 

Example No. 1. 
What would be the length of the rafters if a 
house is 24 feet wide and you want to give it 
one-third pitch. 

24 

60 

14 140 
Ans. Rafters 14 feet. 

Example No. 2. 

• Length of rafter, same width and one-fifth 
pitch. 



Ans. 12 feet 



24 
54 

96 
120 

12|96 



AND mechanic's COMPANION. 29. 

Carpenters' !Ruies — Continued, 

Number of feet a floor contains. 
Rule. 

Multiply tbe length of floor by breadth of 
same and if more than an inch in thiolcness add 
accordingly. 

Example. 
A room 2 feet long and 14 feet wide; how many 
feet inch boards does it contain, and how many 
one and a quarter inch. 

14 feet wide. 
20 " long. 

280 feet inch boards. 
• 70 

350 feet l\i inch boards. 



30. 



THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 



Size of ^aiU, 

The following table will show at a glance, the 
length of the various sizes and the number of 
nails to the pound. 



3 penny, 1 inch 557 to the pound 


4 ' 


14 ' 


' S53 '' " 




5 ' 


' Wa ' 


' 232 '' '' 




6 ' 


2 


' 167 " " 




7 


' 21^ ' 


' 141 " " 




8 ' 


' 'i^A ' 


c 101 " '' 




9 ' 


* 2^ ' 


' 85 •* '' 




10 ' 


3 


68 '' " 




12 


' 31^ ' 


; 54 " '* 




20 ' 


' 33^ ' 


' 84 " " 





JF'ence JVa/it. 

7 penny, 2 inch long 80 to the pound, 

8 " 214 '' " 70 " " " 

9 " 2% " " 50 " " " 
10 " 3 " " 40 " '' 

4 inch, 16 to the jjound. 

5 '' 10 " " 

6 u 7 u u 

7 " 5 " " 



AND mechanic's COMPANION. 



31. 



yyheaij Coi n i6c. JIfeaturement 
Rule. 
Ascertain the number of pounds of wheat, 
corn Ac, and to get the number of bushels, di- 
vide by the standard weight. The standard 
weight of wheat is 60 pounds ; corn and rye 56 
pounds ; barley 48 pounds and oats 32 pounds. 
Example. 
If 50 bags wheat weigh 6000 pounds gross, and 
bags 50 pounds, how many bushels wheat do 
the bags contain ? 

6000 gross. 
50 bags. 

5950 pounds wheat. 

60)5950(99 bushels and 10 pounds. 
540 







550 










540 










10 












=>^ 








60' 






99 bushels and 


10 


pounds wheat at $1.50 


per 


bushel. 










1.50 






If 60 pounds cost $1.50 w 
will 10 pounds cost. 


hat 


99 bushels 












60—150—10 




1350 






10 




1350 






60)1500(25 cents. 




148.50 






120 




25 
















300 




$148.75 


Ans. 




300 





32. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 


Zand Measure. 




To measure off an acre of ground, step 


or 


measure 69 yards one way and 70 yards the other 


way, that will give you 4833 square yards, accur- 


ate enough for any practical purpose. 


1 




Example. 




02 


70 yards. 
1 acre. 




70 yards. 


69 
70 






4830 square yards. 


200 


If a piece of ground steps or measures off 


yards one way and 250 yards the other way, then | 


multiply both together and divide hy 4840 to 


as- 


certain the number of acres. 






250 yards 


'< 
p 


CO 

'E 


101^ acres 




- 


s 

f 




250 yards 


250 
200 




4840)50000(103^ acres. 
4840 




1600 





AND MECHANIC'S COMPANION. 



33. 



Land JKeasure — Continued, 

If a field steps off 200 yards at one side and 150 
yards at tlie other side, and 90 yards straiglit 
across at botli ends, how many acres does the 
Held contain ? 

Rule. 
Add the sides together and take half to get the 
average length, and multiply by the length of 
the ends and divide by 4840. 









200 yards. 










02 




3}^ acres. 




8 
^ 


/ 




§ 








m 


/ 








150 yards. 








200 
150 


yards 


' 






half 350 
175 




175 average length sides. 
90 feet length ends. 






4840)15750(31^ 
14520 


acres. 










1230 

1/ 









4840 



34. 



THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 



Interesting 2'abtes for I^armerg » 

Quantity of seed usually sown to an acre. 



Timotby 


Vi 


to \4y bushels. 


Red Top 


H 


'• 1 


Red Clover 


6 


to 10 pounds. 


White Clover 





ti 8 '* 


Lucerne 




10 


Orchard Grass 


1 


" lU bushels. 

*' iW '* 


Blue Grass 


1 


Wheat 


1V<^ 


tt 2 " 


Barley 


IH 


u 9 u 


Buckwheat 


1 


" 1>^ 
*' 1^ 


Rye Gi-ass 


1 


Carrot 


i^H 


" 3 pounds. 


Beet 


4 


" 6 " 


Parsnip 


3 


u 5 » 


Onion 


4 


U (} it 


Ruta Baga 




1 " 


Turnip 


1 


- VA 


Beans 


2^ 


" 2 bushels. 


Peas 


41 2 ** 


Oats 


u 3 u 


Rye 


" 11^ 


Millet 


% 


u ^ u 



f 



The quantity of Corn required to plant an 
acre, 3 grains in the hill. 



3 
4 



jet by 2— 


11 qua 


" by 3- 


6 » 


" by 4- 


4 


" by 3- 


7 


" by 3H 


5 


» by 4- 


3^ " 



AND mechanic's COMPANION. 



35. 



The dumber of l^tanfs per :4.crc at a ffiven 
Dz^imnce, 



1 foot, 


53,560 


6 feet, 


1,210 


V^ feet, 


19,360 


9 " 


537 


10,890 


12 " 


302 


''i :: 


6,968 


15 " 


194 


4,840 


18 » 


134 


4 " 


2,722 


20 " 


J 09 


5 " 


1,742 


25 " 


69 



One acre of tobacco set 3 feet by 23^ distant 
will contain 6,050 plants. Most growers prefer 
314 feet by 2. This will fill a building 20 by 40 
with 12 to 15 feet post. 



36. 



THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 



Intfvegi Catcutaied at 6 per Cent. 
Rule. 



Take half the number months and multiply- 
by the amount you want to find the interest 
thereon and cut off two right hand figures. To 
find the interest for days, take half the number, 
proceed as above and divide by 30. 





Example. 


Interest on 


$40.25 for 4 years, 9 months and 24 


days. 




40.25 

28H 


4 years and 9 mos. 
half 57 mos. 


32200 

mm 

2012 


283^ 

$40.25—24 days. 
12 — 

12 

30)48300(16' 10 


11.47 i 12 

16 
$11.63 



30 



183 
180 



30 
30 



Ans. $11.63 



00 



AND mechanic's COMP ANION. 



37. 



Interest Catcutaied at 7 per Cent and Up- 
wards. 

Rule. 
Calculate the interest at 6 per cent, as in for- 
mer page {Xnd add accordingly. If 7 per cent, 
add one-sixth more. If 8 per cent, ac* d one-third 
more. If 9 per cent, add ohe-half more and so 
on. 

Example. 
Interest on $40.25 for 4 years, 9 months and 24 
days at 8 per cent. i 



$40.25 


4 yrs. 


J mos— 57 


28^ 




1^)57 months 


32200 






8050 




281^ 


2012 




1^)24 days. 




$11.47112 


$10.25 


— 


16 


12 


12 


$11.63 


3| 0)4830 |0 





16|13 
That would be $11.63 interest for the time giv- 
en at 6 per cent. Now to get the interest at 8 
per cent, add one-third more, as 2 is the third of 
6, and 6 and 2 are eight. 



AddJ^ 
Ans. 



$11.63 6 per cent. 

3.88 

$15.51 8 per cent. 



38. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 

Th fere ft talciitaled at O p'er Cent. — Another 
Form . 

Rule. 
To calculate interest at six per cent, call half 
the number of months cents, and one-sixth the 
number of days mills, and their sum will be the 
interest on one dollar for given time, and after 
calculating the interest on a sum of money cut 
off as many figures as you multiply by, and the 
remainder will be the interest for given time. 

Example. 
Interest on $40.25 for 4 years 9 months and 24 
days. 

cts. mills. 
4 yrs. 9 mos.— 57 mos. }Xr~ -8 .5 
24 days >^= .4 

28.9 
28 cents and 9 mills on one dollar for given 
time. 



$11.63 225 
Ans. $11.63 

At 7 per cent add one-sixth more. At 8 per 
cent, add one-third and so on as in preceding 
page. 



AND MECHANIC'S COMPANION. 



39. 



7*0 Catcutate Iniet'est on a JV'ote When f^ar- 
ti'al T^aytnenis are 3fade, 

Rule. 

Calculate the interest up to the time the first 
payment is made, then add same to principal 
and deduct payment, then calculate interest on 
balance to second payment, add to balance, de- 
duct payment and so on. 

Example. 

A note given for $800.00, dated March 1st, 1875, 
payable 8 months after date, wiih interest from 
date, with a credit May 1st, 1875, of $300.00. Also 
one of 400.00 July 15th, 1875. What would be the 
balance, both princidal and interest, when the 
note matured. 

$800.00 principal. 

1 half number of months. 



$8.00. 00 2 mos. int. from March 1 to May 1. 
800.00 add principal. 



$808.00 
30(3.00 



paid May 1st, 1875. 



508.00 Balance due May 1st, 1875. 
V/j^ half number months. 



508.00 
127.00 



6.35 00 
508.00 



23^ mons. int. 
add balance. 



514.35 
400.00 



paid July 15th, 1875. 



114.35 balance due July 15, 1875, 
1% half number months. 



114.35 
85.75 



2.00110 
114.35 



$116.35 



Ans. $116.35. 



40. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 

Percentage, 

Rule. 
Multiply the profit by 100 and divide by the 
cost. 

Example. 
An article costing $2.40 and selling for $2.G0, the 
profit then would be 20 cents. 
2.40 . cost. 20 profit— 100 

100 

240)2000(81^ 
1920 

80 

— =3^ 

240 
Ans. 8^ per cent. 



AND MECHANIC'S COMPANION. 



41. 



Co " ^arln ersh /;»— Go in . 
Rule. 
Add together eacli investment and divide that 
sum into amount of stock, gain &c., to get per- 
centage of each, then multiply the same by 
amount invested to get each one's share. 

Example. 
Three partners invest as follows :— A $100.00, 
B. $75.00, C. $50.00, and at the end of the year 
the gain amounts to $000.00. What is each one's 
share of the gain ? 



A. $100.00 

B. 75.00 

C. 50.00 

$225.00 



$100.00 



225.00)600.00(2K 
450.00 ^ 



150.00 
225.00~ 



-% 



200.00 
66.06^ 


Ans. 


A's. share $266.66% 
B's. " 200.00 
C's. " 133.333^ 

$600.00 


$266.66% A's. 

75.00 
2% 


150.00 
50.00 






$200.00 B's. 




50.00 
2^ 






100.00 
33.833^ 







$133.83% C's. 



42. THE READY RECKONER, CALCTTLATOR, 



Co-^ai'i}iershtp — Lots, 

Rule. 

Divide investment into amount, stock &c., on 

hand and deduct that quotient from 100, then 

multipl}'' that by each partner's investment to 

ascertain the amount of eacli one's loss, 

Example. 
A. invests $400.00, B. $250.00 and C. $100.00, and 
at the end of one year, the stock Ac, on hand 
amounted to $300.00. What did each partner lose ? 

A. $400.00 

B. 250.00 

C. 100.00 



$750.00—300.00 100 
100 



750,00)3000000(40 
300000 



100 
40 



60 400.00 

60 



$240.00,00 A's. 
250.00 100.00 

60 60 



$150.00 1 00 B's. $60.00 i 00 C's. 

Ans. A. Loses $240.00 

B. '' 150.00 

C. " 60.00 

$450.00 



AND mechanic's COMPANION. 43. 



To i4scertftin ihe o4ntouni ActteaJIv 3fade 
Jfhtn Sei2inff a Certain ll^ercentaffes. 

Rule. 

Add 100 to the average per cent, and divide into 
the amount of sales; tliat will give you the cost 
of the goods. To find tlie amount made, deduct 
the cost from the amount of sales. 

Example No. 1. 

If you sell $40.00 worth of goods and thej^aver- 
age 5'ou 20 per cent., how much of the $40.00 did 
you pay for the goods and how much is actually 
made on the sale ? 

1.20 40.00 100 

100 



Cost of goods, $33,331^ 



1.2 0)40000 $40.00 

33.331^ 



Amount actually made, 6 66^ 



Example JSTo. 2 

Sold $90.00 worth of goods and they averaged 
16^ per cent. 

1.16% 90.00—100 
3* 100 



350 )90.0000 
3 



350)2700000(77.14 2-7 cost of goods. 
2450 

$90.00 

2500 77.14 2-7 

2450 

$12.85 5-7 

500 Amount actually 

350 made on sale. 

1500 
1400 

100 

— =2-7 
350 



41. 



THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 



To Axcerlnin How Mnck is Lost yv*?ie7i Sell' 

hif/ Goods at Ceriain ^ercentaffes 

ISelow Cost. 

Rule. 
Deduct the ainount of percentage you are 
selling at below cost from 100, and proceed as in 
preceding rule. 

Example No. 1. 

It you sold $40.00 worth of goods and you lost 

20 per cent., how much did the goods cost? 

100 
20 per cent. lost. 



80 



40.00—100 
100 



8iO)40000,0 



$50.00 cost of goods. 
40.00 amount of sales. 

$10.00 amount lost. 



Example No. 2. 
Sold $80.00 worth goods and lost 40 per cent. 



100 
40 



60 



$80.00—100 
100 



6.0)8000010 



$133.33% cost of goods. 
80.00 amount of sale. 



$53.33% amount lost. 



AND MECHANIC'S COMPANION. 45 

2o ^isceriain What T*er Cent. SiocJ:s ^ay 

yv?ien Thy sire Se?fi'nff ^bore !Par 

Taiue. 

Rule, 
Calculate the interest a single share is paying 
at par value and divide the selling price into the 
same. 

Example No. 1. 
If stocks are selling at $22.50 per share and the 
par value is $15.00, and said stock pays 12 per 
cent.on the par value. What percent does it pay 
the buyer. 

$15.00 par value. 
12 per cent. 



$1.80.00 



22.50)1.80.00(8 per cent. pays. 
1 80 00 

Ans. Pays the buyer 8 per cent. 
Example No. 2. 

Stock selling at $18.00 and par value $15.00, and 
pays 10 per cent, on par value. 

$15.00 par value. 
10 per cent. 



18.00)1.50.00(81^ 
144 00 



600 

1800~ ^ 
Pays the buyer 8^^ per cent. 



46. 



THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 



Jtfixed JVutnbers MuHtpUed, 

Rule. 
Reduce to improper fractions and multiply 
numerators together for new numerators, and 
denominators together for new denominators. 

Example. No. 1. 
Multiply \Wa by 18^. 



\ 



18^ 
4 




75 11 
4 4 


► 75 5625 

.x-= = 3511^ 

4 16 




Example No 2, 


Multiply 201^ by 18 1-5 


f^ 


181-5 
5 


61 

— X 

3 


91 5551 

— = =370 1-15 

5 15 




Example to Pro 




20331^ 
1820 




40660 
16264 
2033 

606^ 




370.06166% 



I 



AND MECHANIC'S COMPANION. 47. 

division of Fractions, 
Rule. 
Invert the divisor and proceed as in multipli- 
cation of fractions. 

Example. 
Divide 4 2-5 into 4(^ 

4 2-5 40^ 

5 4 

22 163 

^__ • 

5 4 

5 163 815 

22 4 ~88 

88)815(91^ 
792 

23 



Example to Prove. 

440(4075(91^ 
3960 

115 



48. 



THE READY RECKONER, CALCrTLATOR, 



Jfechanic's Z,/en, 

A Lien may be filed within six monies after 
the work is completed or material furnished, 
providing the party is owner of the ground on 
which the building is constructed. But if such 
is owned by another party, then the lien must 
be filed within sixty days after the building is 
completed or material furnished, and the party 
who is owner of such ground must be legally 
notified that such a lien is standing against such 
^property. 

GEORGE DEBTOR, 

TO SAMUEL CREDITOR : 

To a quantity of Lumber, Work or Building 
Material, (as the case may be) as hereinafter 
specified, amounting to dollars, with a cred- 
it of dollars (if there be such) leaving a 

balance of doliai*s, furnished at the times 

hereinafter mentioned, to the said George Debt- 
or and used by him in the building or construc- 
tion of a certain house (or whatever the build- 
ing represents.) situated (here desci-ibe the situ- 
ation. ) Said building is feet high feet 

long and feet broad, of which the said 

George Debtor is owner, and which building 

was finished on or about the day of 

18 . 



AND mechanic's COMPANION. 49. 

3f€ckanic' s Itien — Continued, 

Here itemize your account, day and date. 

Then make oath to the following : 
STATE Ol MA.RYLAND, 

County, to wit ; 

On this day of 18 , before 

the subscriber, a Justice of the Peace of the 
State of Maryland, in and for the said county, 

personally appeared and made oath 

on the Holy Evangelly of Almighty God that 
the above account is just and true, and that he 
has not received any part or parcel of the money 
charged as due by said account, or any security 
or satisfaction for the same, to the best of his 
knowledge and belief. 
Sworn before 

Then have the same recorded in the County 
Clerk's Office. 



50. 



THE READY BECKONER, CALCULATOR, 



Square Lofft It educed to Inch Soard Meas^ 
ure. 

Rule. 

Multiply the breadth by the breadth and the 
product by the length, then divide by 12 and de- 
duct one-flfth. 

Example. 
A log 18 X 18 inches square and 16 feet long, 
how many feet inch boards does it contain ? 

18 Inches 
18 " 

144 

18 

324 
16 feet long 

1944 
324 

12)5184 

Deduct 1-5) 432 

86 



I 



Ans. 



346 feet inch boards. 



AND mechanic's COMPANION. 



51. 



Square JOogs deduced to Inch Soard 
Jfeasure, 



eet 


10x10 


11x11 


12x12 


18x13 


14x14 


15x15 


10 


66 


80 


96 


112 


131 


150 


12 


80 


97 


115 


135 


157 


180 


14 


93 


113 


134 


158 


'183 


210 


16 


107 


129 


154 


180 


209 


240 


18 


120 


145 


173 


202 


235 


270 


20 


133 


161 


192 


225 


261 


300 


22 


w 


177 


211 


247 


237 


830 


24 


160 


194 


230 


271 


314 


360 


26 


173 


210 


250 


293 


339 


390 


28 


186 


226 


269 


315 


366 


420 


30 


200 


242 


288 


338 


392 


450 



16x16 
170 
205 
239 
273 
807 
341 
375 
410 
443 
478 
512 



52. 



THE READY RECKOXER, CALCULATOR, 






Square Loffs deduced to Inch Soard 
JIfeasure, 



17|18 



17 
)192 
>231 

1270 



Xi X 

18 



3 346 



10 
12 

14 
16 
18 

20 3851432 

I 

22 423|476 

24 462|519 

I 
261501562 

28 539;605; 

30i578i648l 



19 ; 20 

X I X 

19 I 20 
240:266 
289.320 
337 373 
385' 426 



578640 
626 693, 

674|747j 
7221800 



J. 



5881645 



23 

X 

23 

352 

423 

494 
564 
635 
705 
775 



6461710 

706,775' 847 

I ! 
764 839 917 

824903; 987 

882!9681058 



24 

X 

24 
384 
461 
538 
615 
691 



25 

X 

25 

416 

500 

583 
667 
750 



768; 833 

I 

845' 916 

9221000 

I 
999,1083 

1075! 1167 

1152 1250 



AND mechanic's COMPANION. 55. 

Sound JjOffs Seduced to Inch Soard Meas- 
ure. 

Explanation. 

This rule has been thoroughly tested by the 
Author at the Steam Saw and Planing Mill of 
Gruber & Witmer, Williamsport, Md., by getting 
the mean diameter of logs before they went on 
the mill, and measuring the actual number of 
feet the same logs made when they were sawed, 
and found this rule as accurate, of not more so, 
than the majority of rules, and which rule will 
do j ustice to both buyer and seller. 

Rule. 

Square the meaijL diameter and multiply that 
product by 7.854 ; cut off four right hand figures, 
then multiply by the length and divide by 12, 
deduct one-third and the residue will be the 
amount in feet of inch boards. 



56. 



THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 



Hound Logs deduced to Inch Soard Meat' 
ure. 



Example. 

A log 14 inches mean diameter and 20 feet long, 
how many feet of inch hoards. 



14 inches 
14 *' 



7.854 
196 



56 
14 



196 



Deduct 



47124 

70686 

7854 

15319384 
20 feet long 

12)3060 

85 



Ans. 



170 feet inch boards. 



AND mechanic's COMPANION. 



57. 



Hound Zoffs deduced to Inch Soard 
JWeasure, 



JIfean Diameter, 





Inch. 
12 


Inch. 
13 


Inch. 
14 


10 


63 


73 


85 


12 


75 


88 


102 


14 


88 


103 


119 


16 


101 


118 


136 


18 


113 


132 


153 


20 


126 


147 


170 


22 


139 


161 


188 


24 


151 


176 


204 


26 


164 


191 


223 


28 


177 


206 


238 


30 


190 


220 


255 



Inch. 
15 



117 
137 
157 
176 
196 
216 
235 
255 
275 
293 



Inch. 
16 

112 

134 

156 

179 

201 

223 

246 

268 

290 

313 

335 



Inch. 
17 

126 

151 

175 

200 

226 

251 

276 

302 

326 

352 

377 



Inch. 

18 

141 
170 
198 
226 
254 
282 
310 
339 
367 
395 
423 



58. 



THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 



'Round Loffs fteduced to Inch Soard 
J^feasure. 



^fean Diameter, 



Inch. 
19 


Inch. 

20 


Inch. 
21 


Inch. 
22 


Inch. 
23 


Inch. 
24 


Inch. 
25 


158 


174 


192 


211 


231 


251 


272 


189 


210 


231 


253 


277 


302 


327 


220 


244 


269 


295 


323 


351 


381 


251 


279 


307 


338 


369 


4C1 


436 


284 


314 


346 


380 


415 


452 


490 


314 


346 


384 


422 


461 


502 


544 


346 


384 


423 


464 


507 


552 


5.99 


378 


419 


461 


507 


553 


603 


653 


409 


453 


500 


545 


600 


653 


707 


440 


488 


538 


591 


645 


703 


762 


472 


523 


577 


633 


69i 


753 


817 



AND MECHANIC'S COMPANION. 



59. 



Hound LoffS fieduced to Inch Soard 
JTeasure* 



3fean Diameter, 



Inch. 
26 


Inch. 
27 


Inch. 

28 


Inch. 
29 


Inch. 
30 


Inch. 
31 


295 


318 


342 


367 


393 


419 


353 


381 


410 


440 


471 


503 


412 


445 


478 


514 


549 


586 


471 


508 


547 


587 


627 


670 


530 


572 


615 


660 


706 


754 


589 


635 


684 


734 


784 


838 


647 


699 


751 


807 


863 


922 


708 


753 


820 


880 


942 


1006 


766 


826 


888 


953 


1021 


1090 


824 


889 


957 


1027 


1098 


1174 


883 


953 


1025 


1100 


1177 


1258 



60. 


THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 






^ 
p 


ftound Loffs fteduced io Inch Soard 




Mean Diameter. 


Inch. 
32 


Inch. 
33 


Inch. 
34 


Inch. 
35 


Inch. 
36 


10 


447 


476 


504 


534 


565 


12 


536 


570 


605 


641 


678 


14 


625 


665 


706 


748 


791 


16 


715 


760 


807 


855 


904 


18 


804 


855 


908 


962 


1017 


20 


893 


950 


1009 


1069 


1130 


22 


982 


1045 


1110 


1176 


1243 


24 


1071 


1140 


1210 


1283 


1356 


26 


1160 


1235 


1311 


13d0 


1469 


28 


1249 


1330 


1412 


1497 


1582 


30 

1 


1340 


1425 


1512 


1604 


1696 






1 



I 



i 



t 



iillIlTTTIIIIIIIIII 



